Today, Balinese hold an election that elects the leader of Bali for the next five years. Election as a mean to determine the future leader is not a new thing in Bali. In some areas in Bali, election has been practiced as a mean to determine the head of hamlet (klian), although election or voting is usually the last choice.

In electing the klian, a general meeting of all hamlet members is hold in the hamlet-meeting hall. This meeting in the first place usually tries to choose the hamlet leader with a general agreement without voting, but if the candidates and their supporter cannot be settled into a win-win solution, a voting have to be held to elect the future leader.

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Each culture that flourish around the globe has its own way in dealing with thief, some cultures use harsh punishment, other use social sanction such as excommunication but the inhabitants of Tenganan village in Bali has a kind of ritual in dealing with thief, it is called Maling-malingan or “game of thief” (the word “maling” in Balinese language means “thief”).

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Makare-karean or war by using thorny pandanous leaves is an indigenous war dance of Tenganan Pagringsingan village. Tenganan Pegeringsingan is a traditional Bali Aga (Proto Bali) village is situated at Manggis district, regency of Karangasem approximately 65 km from Denpasar (the International Airport of Bali). It is near Candidasa and can be easily reached by public or private vehicles.

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‘AN anthropologist came to our village and I helped him take blood samples from all the villagers,” Sadra loves to explain gravely. “We sent the samples to laboratories in Europe, Australia and America. The results were all the same.”

He punches the air triumphantly: “We have blood from India!”

The villagers of Tenganan Pegringsingan have long believed this to be so and the test results validate their claim to be descended from one of Bali’s oldest races. Traditionally the home of warriors, the village, near Candidasa, on Bali’s east coast, has retained customs and beliefs now very different from the rest of the island. The best archeological guesses estimate that the village dates from the 11^th century, though not even Sadra, regarded as the local historian, can be sure.

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Onggar-onggar is the name of the traditional head-dress which is used for the Rejang Saput Karah Dance from the traditional village of Bungaya in Karangasem. Bungaya is one of the oldest villages in Bali. It has many special ritual ceremonies. Like other traditional villages which are located in Karangasem regency such as Tenganan Pegringsingan, Tenganan Dauh Tukad and Asak, it possesses a sacred and holy dance (Tari Rejang) which has different names and costumes in each village. The dancers are young girls (Daa), drawn from the local community. This sacred dance is performed for certain ceremonies for the worship of the Gods called Dewa Yadnya.

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